EIGRP

General Notes

  • AD 90 internal, 170 external
  • Multicast 224.0.0.10 standard for hellos, port number 88
  • Uses DUAL (Diffusing Update Algorithm)
  • K values (metric parameters) must match for neighbor relationship to form
    • K values set with the metric weights command - should be left default
    • By default uses bandwidth (slowest in path) & delay (cumulative) to compose metric
  • Only advertises best routes, all others not advertised
  • Hello and hold timers do not need to match for adjacency (unlike OSPF)
  • Can manually define neighbors (like in BGP) to send hellos unicast instead of multicast
  • Successor route - best path
  • Successor - First next-hop along successor route
  • Config can be performed classic (route eigrp 100) or named (router eigrp <name>) modes
    • Can convert to named mode with eigrp upgrade-cli, hitless conversion
  • Only IGP that can do unequal cost load-balancing
    • All routes must meet feasibility condition
    • Candidacy for routes can be modified with variance command
  • Feasibility condition:
    • Reported distance (RD - neighbor’s distance to node) must be shorter than feasible distance (FD - distance locally) to prevent loops
    • If conditions passed, route is considered feasible successor and included in EIGRP topology table for fast failover in reconvergence event
  • When using named-mode in IPv6, all interfaces automatically advertised into EIGRP when address-family initiated
    • Can be shut down individually or under af-interface default with shutdown, then no shutdown under interfaces you want advertised

Features

Authentication
  • Supports both MD5 & SHA-256 auth (named) or just MD5 (classic)
  • MD5 configuration done with key chain in global config
  • Key-id numbers must match for successful auth
  • Applied under physical interfaces in classic mode or af-interfaces in named mode
key chain MD5_KEYS
 key 1
  key-string MD5_PASS
!
router eigrp MULTI-AF
 !
 address-family ipv4 unicast autonomous-system 100
  !
  af-interface default
   authentication mode hmac-sha-256 SHA_DEFAULT
  exit-af-interface
  !
  af-interface GigabitEthernet1.58
   authentication mode md5
   authentication key-chain MD5_KEYS
  exit-af-interface
Summarization
  • Possible anywhere in topology
  • Configured with summary-address <network> <mask> under af-interface in named mode, under physical interface in classic mode
  • Leak map can be used to leak longer mask prefixes included in summary
    • summary-address 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 leak-map <route-map>
  • Null0 installed on router to match summary address to prevent loops
  • Can define metric on summary-address with the summary-metric command under topology base
Route filtering
  • Possible anywhere in topology
  • Commonly performed with distribute-list prefix <prefix-list> <in/out> <interface>
  • Can also use route-maps to match on tags, metric
    • For example:
    route-map FILTER_ON_TAGS deny 10
 match tag 4
!
route-map FILTER_ON_TAGS permit 20
!
router eigrp 100
 distribute-list route-map FILTER_ON_TAGS in
Split horizon
  • Prevents advertisements of prefixes out same interface they’re received
  • Used for loop prevention (along with feasibility condition, router-id)
  • Can turn off (useful for hub & spoke) with no ip split-horizon eigrp <AS>
Default routing
  • Can be advertised with quad 0 summary route under interface
  • Can also be redistributed from static route
Stub
  • Prevents advertisment of anything other than connected routes by default
  • Prevents site from being used for transit
  • Breaks query domain
  • Best used when sites have no downstream neighbors
  • Can use leak-maps to advertise normally suppressed routes
Stub-site
  • Allows advertisement of routes learned on LAN but not WAN interfaces
  • Limits EIGRP query-domain and prevents site from being used for transit
  • Enabled with eigrp stub-site
    • Mutually exclusive with eigrp stub
  • Interfaces towards hub/WAN identified with stub-site wan-interface under af-interface
Offset-lists
  • Can be used to increase metric for a specific route/interface
  • Configured under topology base with:
    • offset-list <access-list> in <metric> <interface>
Redistribution

Useful debug/show commands

  • show ip eigrp interface brief - Displays interfaces participating in EIGRP, RTT, pending routes, etc
  • show ip eigrp neighbors - Displays neighbors and neighbor states
  • show ip eigrp topology all-links - Displays EIGRP topology table, successors, feasible successors
  • show ip protocols - Shows various information about active routing protocols
  • debug eigrp packet - Debugs basically everything EIGRP
  • access-list 111 permit eigrp any any, followed by debug ip packet detail 111 - for packet debugging

Standard EIGRP Config

router eigrp NAME
 !
 address-family ipv4 unicast autonomous-system 100
  !
  af-interface default
   passive-interface
  exit-af-interface
  !
  af-interface GigabitEthernet0/1
   no passive-interface
  exit-af-interface
  !
  topology base
  exit-af-topology
  network 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.255
  eigrp router-id 150.1.5.5
 exit-address-family